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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 111-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y

摘要：

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. More than 1500 MERS-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of MERS-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate MERS-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most MERS-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated MERS infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MERS-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.

关键词： coronavirus     MERS     Middle East respiratory syndrome    

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia

Sarah H. Alfaraj, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Ziad A. Memish

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 126-130 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0603-y

摘要： Infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 as an important respiratory disease with high fatality rates of 40%–60%. Despite the increased number of cases over subsequent years, the number of pediatric cases remained low. A review of studies conducted from June 2012 to April 19, 2016 reported 31 pediatric MERS-CoV cases. In this paper, we present the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with pediatric MERS. Five patients had no underlying medical illnesses, and three patients were asymptomatic. Of the seven cases, four (57%) patients sought medical advice within 1–7 days from the onset of symptoms. The three other patients (43%) were asymptomatic and were in contact with patients with confirmed diagnosis of MERS-CoV. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (57%), cough (14%), shortness of breath (14%), vomiting (28%), and diarrhea (28%). Two (28.6%) patients had platelet counts of<150 × 10 /L, and one patient had an underlying end-stage renal disease. The remaining patients presented with normal blood count, liver function, and urea and creatinine levels. The documented MERS-CoV Ct values were 32–38 for four of the seven cases. Two patients (28.6%) had abnormal chest radiographic findings of bilateral infiltration. One patient (14.3%) required ventilator support, and two patients (28.6%) required oxygen supplementation. All the seven patients were discharged without complications.

关键词： Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus     MERS-CoV     pregnancy     pediatrics    

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 120-136 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0430-6

摘要：

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.

关键词： MERS     coronavirus     review    

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A pilot study on Paxlovid therapy for hemodialysis patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1011-0

摘要： We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) therapy for hemodialysis-dependent patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Thirteen hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 from April 3 to May 30, 2022, were recruited. Laboratory parameters and chest CT (computed tomography) imaging were analyzed. The treatment group included six patients who received 150 mg/100 mg of Paxlovid orally once daily for 5 days, whereas the control group included seven patients who received basic treatment. No serious adverse reactions or safety events were recorded. Four control patients progressed to moderate disease, and none in the treatment group showed progression of chest CT findings (P < 0.05). Paxlovid therapy tended toward early viral clearance and low viral load on Day 8. Moreover, 83.3% of the patients in the treatment group and 57.1% of the patients in the control group turned negative within 22 days. In the Paxlovid treatment group, we found significantly increased levels of lymphocytes (P=0.03) and eosinophils (P=0.02) and decreased levels of D-dimer on Day 8 compared with those on Day 1. Paxlovid therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect with good tolerance in hemodialysis patients. The optimal dose and effectiveness evaluation must be further investigated in a largeer cohort.

关键词： Paxlovid     hemodialysis     SARS-CoV-2     viral load     chest CT scan    

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From SARS to MERS: evidence and speculation

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 377-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0466-7

摘要：

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic pathogen. In 2012, the infectious outbreak caused by MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia has spread to more than 1600 patients in 26 countries, resulting in over 600 deaths. Without a travel history, few clinical and radiological features can reliably differentiate MERS from SARS. But in real world, comparing with SARS, MERS presents more vaguely defined epidemiology, more severe symptoms, and higher case fatality rate. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the field of MERS-CoV, especially its molecular virology, interspecies mechanisms, clinical features, antiviral therapies, and the further investigation into this disease. As a newly emerging virus, many questions are not fully answered, including the exact mode of transmission chain, geographical distribution, and animal origins. Furthermore, a new protocol needs to be launched to rapidly evaluate the effects of unproven antiviral drugs and vaccine to fasten the clinical application of new drugs.

关键词： middle east respiratory syndrome     animal origin     cross-species transmission     monoclonal antibody    

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Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 193-198 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and increase the current knowledge on the perinatal consequences of COVID-19. Nineteen neonates were admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Their mothers were clinically diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. We prospectively collected and analyzed data of mothers and infants. There are 19 neonates included in the research. Among them, 10 mothers were confirmed COVID-19 by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, and 9 mothers were clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Delivery occurred in an isolation room and neonates were immediately separated from the mothers and isolated for at least 14 days. No fetal distress was found. Gestational age of the neonates was 38.6±1.5 weeks, and average birth weight was 3293±425 g. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, urine, and feces of all neonates were negative. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in breast milk and amniotic fluid was negative too. None of the neonates developed clinical, radiologic, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of COVID-19. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and no perinatal complications in the third trimester were found in our study. The delivery should occur in isolation and neonates should be separated from the infected mothers and care givers.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus     maternal-infant infection     newborn    

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间充质干细胞——新冠病毒肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征潜在的治疗选择

赵璇, 张毅

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第10期   页码 1073-1075 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.015

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Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East: confronting the world’s energy

Hamid BAHRAMPOUR, Amir Khosro BEHESHTI MARNANI, Mohammad Bagher ASKARI, Mohammad Reza BAHRAMPOUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 42-56 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0486-2

摘要： Oil and fossil fuels, the main source of energy in the Middle East have obviously the most destructive effects on the environment and public health. The developed countries of the Middle East are faced with the crisis and energy security. This paper is about evaluating the energy demand /consumption in the Middle East. First, the position of energy consumption in the world and the Middle East is discussed. Next, the evaluation of the current potential of clean energy production from renewable energies is explained. Finally, according to related maps, charts and information presented for the condition of renewable energy which has been approved by the countries of the Middle East, the greatest places in some countries of this region are introduced and discussed.

关键词： Middle East countries     renewable energy     fossil fuels     energy crisis    

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Early and marked up-regulation of TNF-α in acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiopulmonary

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 296-301 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0219-1

摘要：

Despite the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) improved the development of modern cardiac surgery, many factors during CPB have been reported to induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present study was to investigate which pro-inflammatory factors involved in the early phase of ARDS. Ten patients underwent valve replacement surgery with or without ARDS were enrolled for analysis of pulmonary function and inflammatory factors release including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, CD11b, CD18, interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The results demonstrated that the ratio of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspire oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) was greatly reduced in ARDS patients, but only the release of TNF-α was significantly increased, which was reversely correlated to the values of PaO2/FiO2. Also, the count of neutrophils adhesive to pulmonary endothelial cells was significantly increased in ARDS patients. Therefore, we concluded that TNF-α was quickly up-regulated and involved in the pathogenesis of CPB-induced ARDS via guiding primed neutrophils to pulmonary interstitium.

关键词： tumor necrosis factor-α     cardiopulmonary bypass     inflammation     acute respiratory distress syndrome    

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Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 776-785 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID 19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID 19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     pediatrics     emergency     retrospective investigation     severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2    

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Association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 132-137 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0250-x

摘要：

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that abortion may cause long term health consequences such as cardiovascular disease. Until recently, studies focusing on the association between history of abortion and metabolic diseases were limited. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6302 women (age≥40 years) in Shanghai. Standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the information about reproductive histories. Overall, we observed a positive association between history of induced abortion and the prevalence of MetS, independent of potential confounding factors. A multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to those without a history of induced abortion, women with a history of induced abortion remained at 1.25 times more likely to have MetS (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.06–1.47, P<0.05), and the association was number-dependent. However, no significant association between history of spontaneous abortion and the prevalence of MetS was observed. Compared to those without a history of spontaneous abortion, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio associated with a history of spontaneous abortion for MetS was 0.88 (95% CI=0.65–1.19, P >0.05).

关键词： induced abortion     spontaneous abortion     metabolic syndrome    

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Characterization of polyclonal antibodies against nonstructural protein 9 from the porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus

Mengmeng ZHAO,Juanjuan QIAN,Jiexiong XIE,Tiantian CUI,Songling FENG,Guoqiang WANG,Ruining WANG,Guihong ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 153-160 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016097

摘要： Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered to be one of the most important infectious diseases impacting the swine industry and is characterized by reproductive failure in late term gestation in sows and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages. The nonstructural protein 9 gene, , encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is generally regarded as fairly conserved when compared to other viral proteins. Antibodies against 9 will be of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of the causal agent, PRRS virus. A study was undertaken to generate polyclonal antibodies against the immunodominant 9. For this purpose, the 9 was expressed in and subsequently used as an antigen to immunize New Zealand rabbits. Antiserum was identified via an indirect ELISA, and then verified based on the ability to react with both naturally and artificially expressed 9. Results of virus neutralization test showed that this antiserum could not neutralize the PRRSV. Nevertheless, this antiserum as a diagnostic core reagent should prove invaluable for further investigations into the mechanism of PRRS pathogenesis.

关键词： PRRSV     Nsp9     expression     antibody     neutralize    

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中药治疗新冠病毒肺炎的科学基础 Perspective

梁丽娴, 潘胡丹, 黄虞枫, 范星星, 王婉莹, 何芳, 蔡俊, 周华, 刘良

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第10期   页码 1099-1107 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.009

摘要：

新近暴发的新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已成为危害全球健康的紧急事件。现有证据表明，新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）与其他冠状病毒（如SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV）的基因序列具有相似性。因此， 针对现存冠状病毒的引发疾病的机制研究和在治疗SARS时所取得的经验和教训，可咨今天对抗新冠病毒引发疾病的参考。COVID-19患者的临床病理特征提示患者在病情进展过程中通常会经历五个发展阶段：大量病毒感染、免疫系统抑制、细胞因子风暴、多器官损伤及后期的肺纤维化样改变， 严重者常导致死亡。早期阻断疾病进展是取得治疗成功的关键。但是，目前尚无针对COVID-19的 特效药物或疫苗，世界卫生组织（WHO）正敦促尽快建立新型预防和治疗策略。传统中医药（TCM） 对于疫病的防治的实践已经积累了几千年的有用经验，它通过整体调节机体功能发挥疗效。在此次疫情中，中医药作为替代治疗或与西药联合使用，在疫情防控中发挥了重要的作用。本文总结了此次抗疫过程中中国国家和省级机构推荐使用的中药复方和中成药的潜在用途和治疗机制，以期发现其治疗COVID-19的潜在科学内涵。同时，整合应用多种组学及转化医学技术开展基础与临床研究有望进一步证实中药复方的治疗机制。

关键词： COVID-19     SARS-CoV-2     中药     抗病毒     细胞因子风暴     肺纤维化    

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porcine sialoadhesin V-set Ig-like domain sheds some light on its role in porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Jie HOU,Rui LI,Hongfang MA,Songlin QIAO,Gaiping ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 65-71 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016086

摘要： Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is characterized by reproductive failures in sows and respiratory diseases in pigs of all ages. PRRS virus (PRRSV) is its causative agent and has caused huge economic losses in the swine industry. Porcine sialoadhesin (pSn) is a putative receptor of PRRSV. Previous studies have shown that a pSn V-set Ig-like domain is significant in PRRSV infection. However, its structural details are not fully known, hindering our deep understanding of PRRSV infection. In this study, we successfully cloned, expressed and purified the pSn V-set Ig-like domain in S2 cells. Then we tried to crystallize the target protein and predicted its structure. This will establish the foundation for the further structural study of pSn, deepen our understanding of the invasion mechanism of PRRSV, and support the structural information for the development of clinical drugs and vaccines against PRRSV.

关键词： PRRSV     porcine sialoadhesin     V-set Ig-like domain     Drosophila S2 cell     crystallization    

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A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第2期   页码 114-120 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014022

摘要： Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multiple ways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response. MicroRNAs are small RNAs and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection and propose that cellular microRNAs may have a substantial effect on cell or tissue tropism of PRRSV.

关键词： porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)     microRNA     antiviral     viral tropism    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns

null

期刊论文

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia

Sarah H. Alfaraj, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Ziad A. Memish

期刊论文

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review

null

期刊论文

A pilot study on Paxlovid therapy for hemodialysis patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

期刊论文

From SARS to MERS: evidence and speculation

null

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

期刊论文

间充质干细胞——新冠病毒肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征潜在的治疗选择

赵璇, 张毅

期刊论文

Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East: confronting the world’s energy

Hamid BAHRAMPOUR, Amir Khosro BEHESHTI MARNANI, Mohammad Bagher ASKARI, Mohammad Reza BAHRAMPOUR

期刊论文

Early and marked up-regulation of TNF-α in acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiopulmonary

null

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

期刊论文

Association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

null

期刊论文

Characterization of polyclonal antibodies against nonstructural protein 9 from the porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus

Mengmeng ZHAO,Juanjuan QIAN,Jiexiong XIE,Tiantian CUI,Songling FENG,Guoqiang WANG,Ruining WANG,Guihong ZHANG

期刊论文

中药治疗新冠病毒肺炎的科学基础

梁丽娴, 潘胡丹, 黄虞枫, 范星星, 王婉莹, 何芳, 蔡俊, 周华, 刘良

期刊论文

porcine sialoadhesin V-set Ig-like domain sheds some light on its role in porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Jie HOU,Rui LI,Hongfang MA,Songlin QIAO,Gaiping ZHANG

期刊论文

A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

期刊论文